Σελίδες

The Dark Side of Syriza - Ana e errët e Syrizas

OXFORD – On January 25, Greece voted decisively for change, removing from power the two political parties – New Democracy and Pasok – that have ruled the country in one form or another since the restoration of democracy in 1974. It was past time that voters did so.
Over the last four decades, Greece's leaders created a system of clientelism that transformed the country into the most unequal and socially unjust society in the European Union. Pasok, Greece's traditional party of the left, is mired in scandal and seems to have reached the end of the line, receiving just 4.6% of the vote.
The trouble is that, in voting for change, Greek voters took a leap into the dark. The newly elected prime minister, Alexis Tsipras, advocates debt relief and the abandonment of austerity – goals that have broad popular support. And many on the European left are rejoicing at Tsipras's outspoken rejection of German-imposed austerity as the only policy for Europe's troubled economies. But, though Tsipras and his party may be new, the other ideas that they espouse are old – and far from ideal for Greece or Europe.
Neither Tsipras nor his party, Syriza, is tainted by their predecessors' disastrous policies. This should be a good thing, as it could enable Europe's leaders to understand at last that what is at stake in Greece is the fate of a people, not the survival of a failed political class. But Tsipras's first decisions have antagonized the EU and created a climate of confrontation.
 The problem is that Syriza is not truly an anti-austerity party. The true advocates of the end of austerity – including the economists Joseph Stiglitz, Paul Krugman, and Simon Wren-Lewis – do so from a European perspective. Like To Potami, a ten-month-old Greek political party of which I am a member, they advocate correcting policy errors that threaten the survival of the eurozone, in order to create a stronger EU.
Syriza does not share this outlook; and, indeed, Tsipras did not seek out To Potami, which received 6% of the vote, as a potential coalition partner. Rather than criticizing austerity as a well-meant policy error, he condemns it as an assault on Greece, a neo-colonial imposition, or a hostile ideological project gone wrong. His language is one of resistance to conquest.
Thus, it is no accident that Tsipras chose the far-right Independent Greeks party as his coalition partner. Both parties speak the same language – that of virulent nationalism – used by Europe's enemies, whether in Dresden or Moscow.
It is worth recalling Syriza's recent history. During the controversy surrounding the Cypriot banking sector's collapse in 2013, Tsipras referred to EU leaders as “gangsters" – the same sort of rhetoric used by far-right European populists like Marine Le Pen and Geert Wilders. More recently, he accused EU leaders of crafting Greece's bailout deal in a way that would enable them to “plunder" the country's assets. In this respect, too, the European left's new hero sounds like no one so much as Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and other ultra-nationalists.
Likewise, Greece's new foreign minister, Nikos Kotzias, believes that the EU is a new form of “empire," one that has turned Greece into a “debt colony." (This is the title of Kotzias's most recent book.) Official Syriza documents regularly condemn the EU as an organization that undermines democracy and causes poverty and destitution throughout Europe.
For the past five years, Tsipras has built Syriza's support by attacking the pro-euro Greek parties as “neo-liberal" puppets of Germany. Though Tsipras, too, claims to favor the euro, he never mentions the fiscal discipline that it requires, or that Greece got into trouble because it violated its treaty obligations. He even rejects the conclusions of Eurostat, the European statistical agency, that Greece provided misleading budget data in 2009. Instead, he argues that the revised figures that emerged in 2010 were the result of a conspiracy, and that the Greek officials who released the data should be prosecuted.
Syriza is hardly alone in Greece in blaming the EU for the country's woes. New Democracy and Pasok do much the same, attacking the EU, “speculators," and hedge funds – anyone who might divert the public's attention from their own responsibility for the crisis. Greece's largest private media, controlled by the country's oligarchs, are happy to oblige.
Thus, most television channels speak of the bailout deal just as Tsipras does: as the proximate cause of austerity, a result of neoliberal dogma. As a result, for too many people in Greece, austerity reflects Germany's deranged obsession with discipline, not their country's profligacy. Despair over poverty and insecurity has turned into anger toward the European project – which, sadly, is becoming an EU-wide pathology.
Syriza's main innovation has been to capitalize on the urgent need for change in Greece by portraying the parties it has ousted as somehow aligned with the county's enemies, including the EU. That message suggests that what Syriza also stands for is the worst sort of change of all: nationalist isolation.

Read more at http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/greece-syriza-tsipras-nationalism-by-pavlos-eleftheriadis-2015-02#HIUwl34Orz2q51eI.99


Më 25 janar, Greqia votoi në shumicë për ndryshim, duke hequr nga pushteti dy parti politike – Nea Demokracia dhe Pasok – të cilat patën sunduar vendin në një formë apo një tjetër që nga rivendosja e demokracisë më 1974. Qe koha e duhur që votuesit ta bënin këtë.
Përgjatë katër dekadave të fundit, udhëheqësit e Greqisë krijuan një sistem klientelizmi që transformoi vendin në një nga shoqëritë më të pabarabarta dhe të padrejta nga pikëpamja sociale në Bashkimin Europian. Pasok, partia tradicionale e së majtës në Greqi, është e gllabëruar nga skandalet dhe duket se ka mbërritur në fund të jetës së vet, duke marrë vetëm 4,6 për qind të votave.
Telashi është se, duke votuar për ndryshim, votuesit e Greqisë hodhën një hap drejt errësirës. Kryeministri i sapozgjedhur, Alexis Tsipras, advokon për lehtësim të borxheve dhe për braktisje të masave të kursimit – objektiva që kanë mbështetje të gjerë popullore. Dhe shumë nga e majta Europiane po i gëzohen refuzimit zhurmëshumë të masave të kursimit të imponuara nga Gjermania nga ana e Tsiprasit si e vetmja politikë e vlefshme për ekonomitë në telashe të Europës. Por, megjithëse Tsipras dhe partia e tij janë të rinj, idetë e tjera që ata ekspozojnë janë të vjetra – dhe shumë larg të qenit ideale për Greqinë apo Europën.
As Tsipras dhe as partia e tij, Syriza, nuk është e dëmtuar nga politikat shkatërrimtare të paraardhësve të vet. Kjo duhet të jetë gjë e mirë, për shkak se mund t’i lejojë udhëheqësve të Europës të kuptojnë më në fund se ajo që po luhet në Greqi është fati i popullit, jo mbijetesa e një klase politike të dështuar. Por vendimet e para të Tsiprasit kanë kundërshtuar BE-në dhe kanë krijuar një klimë konfrontimi.
Problemi është që Syriza nuk është me të vërtetë një parti kundër masave të kursimeve. Avokatët e vërtetë të anulimit të politikave të kursimit – përfshirë ekonomistët Joseph StiglitzPaul Krugmandhe Simon Wren-Lewis – i japin kritikat e tyre nga një perspektivë europiane. Njësoj si To Potami, një parti dhjetë muaj e vjetër në Greqi në të cilën unë jam anëtar, ata mbrojnë idenë për të korrigjuar gabimet politike që kërcënojnë mbijetesën e eurozonës, në mënyrë që të krijojnë një BE më të fortë.
Syriza nuk mendon kështu; dhe, në të vërtetë, Tsipras nuk kërkoi të bëjë aleancë me To Potami, e cila mori 6 për qind të votave. Në vend që të kritikojë masat e kursimit si një gabim politik i rëndë, ajo dënon masat e kursimit si një sulm kundër Greqisë, një imponim neokolonialist apo një projekt ideologjik armiqësor që shkoi keq. Gjuha e tij është ajo e rezistencës ndaj një pushtimi.
Rrjedhimisht, nuk ndodhi aksidentalisht që Tsipras zgjodhi partinë e ekstremit të djathtë Grekët e Pavarur si partnerë në koalicionin e vet qeverisës. Të dyja partitë flasin të njëjtën gjuhë – atë të nacionalizmit virulent – përdorur nga armiqtë e Europës, qoftë në Dresden, qoftë në Moskë.
Ia vlen të rikujtojmë historinë e vonë të Syriza. Gjatë debateve përreth kolapsit të sistemit bankat të Qipros më 2013, Tsipras iu referua udhëheqësve të BE-së si “gangsterë” – e njëjta lloj retorike e përdorur nga populistët europianë të ekstremit të djathtë si Marine Le Pen dhe Geert Wilders. Më së fundmi, ai akuzoi udhëheqësit e BE-së se kanë hartuar marëveshjen e shpëtimit nga falimenti të Greqisë në një mënyrë që t’i mundësojë ta “plaçkisin” Greqinë nga asetet e saj. Në këtë kuptim, gjithashtu, heroi i ri i të majtës Europiane ngjan shumë me kryeministrin hungarez Viktor Orbán dhe ultranacionalistët e tjerë.
Në mënyrë të ngjashme, ministri i ri i jashtëm i Greqisë, Nikos Kotzias, beson se BE-ja është një formë e re “perandorie,” e tillë që ka kthyer Greqinë në një “koloni borxhesh.”
(Ky është titulli i librit më të fundit të Kotzias.) Dokumentet zyrtare të Syriza në mënyrë të rregullt dënojnë BE-në si një organizatë që minon demokracinë dhe shkakton varfëri dhe mjerim nëpër Europë.
Përgjatë pesë viteve të fundit, Tsipras ka ndërtuar mbështetjen për Syriza duke sulmuar partitë greke pro-europiane si kukulla “neo-liberale” të Gjermanisë. Megjithëse edhe vetë Tsipras pretendon se është në favor të Euros, ai nuk përmend kurrë disiplinën fiskale që kërkohet për Euron, apo që Greqia hyri në telashe për shkak se shkeli detyrimet e traktatit. Ai madje kundërshton edhe konkluzionet e Eurostat, agjencisë statistikore Europiane, e cila thotë se Greqia dha të dhëna të rreme për buxhetin në vitin 2009. Në vend të kësaj, ai argumenton se shifrat e korrigjuara më 2010 qenë rezultat i një komploti, dhe që zyrtarët e Greqisë që publikuan të dhënat duhet të përndiqen penalisht.
Syriza nuk është tamam vetëm në Greqi në hedhjen e fajit te BE për shqetësimet e vendit. Demokracia e Re dhe Pasok bëjnë pak a shumë të njëjtën gjë, duke sulmuar BE-në, “spekulantët”, fondet hedge – çdokënd që mund të shërbejë për të zhvendosur vëmendjen e publikut nga përgjegjësitë e vetë politikanëve grekë për krizën. Media më e madhe private në Greqi, e kontrolluar nga oligarkët e vendit, është e lumtur të bindet.
Kështu, shumica e televizioneve flasin për një marëveshje shpëtimi njësoj siç flet Tsipras: sikur ata janë viktima të masave të kursimit dhe rezultat i një dogme neoliberale. Për rrjedhojë, për shumë tepër njerëz në Greqi, masat e kursimit reflektojnë obsesionin të çmendur të Gjermanisë për disiplinë, jo shthurjen e vendit. Dëshpërimi për shkak të varfërisë dhe pasigurisë është kthyer në zemërim ndaj projektit Europian – gjë që trishtueshëm po kthehet në patologji pan-europiane.
Novacioni kryesor i Syriza ka qenë që të kapitalizojë nevojën urgjente për ndryshim në Greqi duke portretizuar partië që ajo rrëzoi si në një farë mënyre të rradhitura në anën e armiqve të vendit, përfshirë BE-në. Ky mesazh sugjeron që Syriza është gjithashtu e gatshme edhe për ndryshimin më të keq të mundshëm nga të gjitha: izolimin nacionalist.
Botuar me autorizim nga Project Syndicate, 2015. Ripublikimi nuk mund të bëhet pa lejen e Project Syndicate. The Dark Side of Syriza

Νταλάρας Γλυκερία και Βιτάλη στην εκπομπή "Στην υγειά μας ρε παιδιά" - Dalara- Gliqeria- Vitali në një emision të mbushur me muzikë të mrekullueshme


Αποδομώντας το «Στρατηγικό Βάθος» του Αχμέτ Νταβούτογλου - Një kritikë e thellë ndaj “Thellësisë Strategjike” të kryeministrit aktual turk. "Neootomanizmi është në fakt Pan-islamizëm"-‘Davutoğlu’s book “Strategic Depth” far from being deep’

Το βιβλίο «Στρατηγικό Βάθος» του Αχμέτ Νταβούτογλου, πρώην υπουργού Εξωτερικών και νυν πρωθυπουργού της Τουρκίας, μπήκε στο μικροσκόπιο: αυτή τη φορά από τον Ουμίτ Κουβάντς, έναν τούρκο συγγραφέα και σκηνοθέτη ντοκιμαντέρ, του οποίου το βιβλίο «Pan - Islamcinin Macera Kilavuzu» (Οδηγός Περιπέτειας του Παν-Ισλαμιστή) κυκλοφόρησε στα βιβλιοπωλεία της Τουρκίας την περασμένη εβδομάδα. Σε αυτό, ο Κουβάντς αποδομεί τις θέσεις που εκφράζει ο Νταβούτογλου στο διάσημο και πολυδιαβασμένο βιβλίο του, χαρακτηρίζοντάς το «μη επιστημονικό» και «καθόλου βαθύ».

«Δεν αποδεικνύει τους ισχυρισμούς του. Δεν είναι επιστημονικός. Αυτό που προσπαθεί να κάνει είναι να διαδώσει τον πανισλαμισμό, αλλά το βιβλίο δεν είναι καθόλου βαθύ σε αντίθεση με τον τίτλο του» είπε ο ίδιος, σε συνέντευξη που παραχώρησε στη τουρκική εφημερίδα Today's Zaman. «Με το βιβλίο του Νταβούτογλου, μία χώρα μπορεί να μπει σε περιπέτειες, σε επικίνδυνες περιπέτειες. Ο λόγος που το αποκαλώ περιπέτεια είναι επειδή τα μέσα που έχει στη διάθεσή της η χώρα δεν είναι συμβατά με τον στόχο που θέλει να επιτύχει ο συγγραφέας. Το βιβλίο του Νταβούτογλου είναι ένα ιδεολογικός οδηγός δράσης, δεν είναι ένα ακαδημαϊκό βιβλίο που βασίζεται σε μία θεωρία» σχολίασε ο Κουβάντς.

Πανισλαμισμός μόνο στα χαρτιά

Και προσέθεσε: «Ο Νταβούτογλου θέλει να καθιερώσει έναν "πολιτισμό" που θα βασίζεται στο Ισλάμ. Ωστόσο, δεν αναφέρει το πώς θα υλοποιηθεί  αυτό το ιδανικό. Υποστηρίζει ότι αν η τουρκική ηγεσία μπορέσει να πείσει τους Άραβες ότι οι Οθωμανοί δεν ήταν ιμπεριαλιστές και ότι αντίθετα, προσπαθούσαν να σώσουν τους Άραβες από τον δυτικό αποικιοκρατικό επεκτατισμό, τότε οι Άραβες θα δεχθούν τη τουρκική ηγεσία. Είναι εμφανές ότι ο Νταβούτογλου πιστεύει ότι η σημερινή ηγεσία της Τουρκίας μπορεί να μπορεί να διαδώσει τον πανισλαμισμό στη Μέση Ανατολή». Ο Κουβάντς υπογράμμισε ότι ο τούρκος πρωθυπουργός είναι πολύ καλά ενημερωμένος και μπορεί να μιλήσει και να γράψει πολύ καλά, σε αντίθεση με πολλά στελέχη του κυβερνώντος κόμματος Δικαιοσύνης και Ανάπτυξης.

Επομένως «ο Νταβούτογλου μπορεί να πείσει αυτούς τους ανθρώπους στο AKP, οι οποίοι δεν είναι σε θέση να αμφισβητήσουν τη βάση των επιχειρημάτων του καθόλου. Μπορεί εύκολα να πουλήσει τις ιδέες του».

Όπως είπε ο 58χρονος συγγραφέας - που προβλέπει ότι το AKP θα επικρατήσει και πάλι στις επικείμενες βουλευτικές εκλογές της 7ης Ιουνίου - οι απόψεις του Νταβούτογλου είναι επικίνδυνες γιατί στη βάση τους έχουν την ιδέα της κατάκτησης. «Δεν έχουμε δει τί μπορεί να σημαίνει αυτός ο κίνδυνος ακόμη. Κάποια στιγμή η κυβέρνηση θα προσπαθήσει να κρατήσει αποστάσεις από το Ισλαμικό Κράτος και το Ισλαμικό Κράτος θα ανατινάξει πόλεις και ανθρώπους εδώ στη Τουρκία. Οι τούρκοι ηγέτες νομίζουν ότι μπορούν να ελέγξουν το Ισλαμικό Κράτος αλλά αυτό είναι επικίνδυνο για τη χώρα. Και υπάρχουν άνθρωποι εδώ στη Τουρκία, Τούρκοι, που μοιράζονται την ίδια λογική με το Ισλαμικό Κράτος. Ας θυμηθούμε, τον πρώην πρωθυπουργό Ρετζέπ Ταγίπ Ερντογάν που είπε ότι δυσκολεύτηκε να κρατήσει το 50% των ψηφοφόρων μακριά από τους δρόμους. (Το 2013 προσπάθησε να εκφοβίσει τους διαδηλωτές στο πάρκο Γκεζί λέγοντας ότι οι υποστηρικτές του μπορεί επίσης να βγουν στους δρόμους και ότι δυσκολευόταν να τους ελέγξει). Δεν είναι αυτό επικίνδυνο;» τόνισε ο Κουβάντς.

«Είναι ένας στρατηγιστής χωρίς ανθρωπισμό»

Ο Νταβούτογλου, συνέχισε ο συγγραφέας, αναλύει τα πάντα από την σκοπιά της ισχύος.«Αξιολογεί τα πάντα στρατηγικά - τους ανθρώπους, τα χωριά, τα ποτάμια, τα δάση - και υποστηρίζει ότι όλα μπορούν να χρησιμοποιηθούν ως όργανα από το κράτος. Αυτό δεν είναι καθόλου ανθρωπιστικό. Είναι η τυπική άποψη ενός στρατηγιστή. Πώς μπορεί να είναι βαθύ; Και η οπτική του γωνία στο βιβλίο δεν είναι ακαδημαϊκή. Δεν αποδεικνύει τους ισχυρισμούς του. Δεν είναι επιστημονικός. Το μόνο που προσπαθεί να κάνει είναι να διαδώσει τον πανισλαμισμό, αλλά το βιβλίο του δεν είναι βαθύ, σε αντίθεση με το όνομά του» υποστήριξε.

Και κατέληξε: «Όπως και το παλαιό καθεστώς, συνεχίζει να εξυμνεί την τουρκικότητα (σσ. ο τουρκικός ποινικός κώδικας απαγόρευε οποαδήποτε προσβολή προς τη "τουρκικότητα", ωστόσο το 2008  αντικαταστάθηκε από τον όρο "τουρκικό έθνος"), το πώς η Τουρκία θα πρέπει να ασκεί επιρροή στα Βαλκάνια. Οι Τούρκοι στην Ελλάδα και στη Βουλγαρία είναι σημαντικοί. Οι Αλβανοί είναι σημαντικοί. Οι Τούρκοι στην Κύπρο είναι σημαντικοί. Η Κεντρική Ασία είναι σημαντική για τη Τουρκία κλπ. Η ίδια ιστορία. Αν δεν τα έλεγε αυτά, δεν θα του επιτρεπόταν να παραδίδει μαθήματα στη στρατιωτική ακαδημία στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1990. Δεν μας λέει κάτι πρωτότυπο και λέει ότι η Τουρκία πρέπει να ασκεί μεγαλύτερη επιρροή. Αλλά πως;»
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Gazeta turke “Zaman” që posedohet nga Fetullah Gulen, ka publikuar këtë të hënë një intervistë me gazetarin dhe kolumnistin Ümit Kıvanç. Ky i fundit ka botuar së fundmi një libër me titull: “Guidë në aventurën pan-islamiste”, libër i cili analizon në mënyrë shumë kritike konceptet dhe doktrinën që kryeministri aktual turk, Ahmet Davutoglu, ka përpunuar në librin e tij të njohur “Thellësia strategjike”. Davutogluja është lakuar shpesh edhe në Shqipëri për atë që thirret si neootomanizëm, por për gazetarin turk, ky është në fakt panislamizëm. “Po të ndiqen ato që shkruan ai një vend mund të lëshohet në një aventurë shumë të rrezikshme. Libri i Davutoglusë është një guidë për aksion ideologjik; nuk është një libër akademik që bazohet në ndonjë teori”, thotë gazetari Kıvanç që ka edhe një çelës për të kuptuar qëllimet e kryeministrit turk. “Davutoglu do të donte të vendoste një “qytetërim”-koncepti i tij kyç-që bazohet në Islam. Ai argumenton se nëse lidershipi turk do të mund të bindë arabët se otomanët nuk ishin imperialistë, por përkundrazi, ata po përpiqeshin që të shpëtonin arabët nga ekspansionizmi kolonial perëndimor, atëherë arabët do të pranonin lidershipin turk. Me sa duket Davutoglu beson se lidershipi aktual i Turqisë, mund të përhapë panislamizmin në Lindjen e Mesme. Por vlerësimet e tij nuk bazohen në realitet...ai nuk përpiqet të provojë argumentet e tij, nuk është shkencor, optika e tij nuk është akademike. Ky libër është larg të qenit “i thellë”, në kundështim me titullin: “Thellësia Strategjike”, thotë Kıvanç që shfaq kështu një kritikë për një libër të mbivlerësuar, tezat e të cilit janë provur deri më tani si jo të përputhshme me realitetin e forcave. respublica
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This week's Monday Talk hosts the author of a new book, “Pan-İslamcının Macera Kılavuzu” (Pan-Islamist's Adventure Guide), by Ümit Kıvanç, which hit the bookstores a couple of weeks ago, comprising a critical analysis of former foreign minister and current Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu's book “Strategic Depth,” considered a “masterpiece” in Turkey,
Among the criticism and analysis expressed in the interview, Kıvanç says about Davutoğlu's book: “He does not prove his arguments. He is not scientific. All he tries to do is to disseminate pan-Islamism. It is all right to be pan-Islamist, but this book is far from being deep, contrary to its name: ‘Strategic Depth'.”
In any democratically developed country, Kıvanç's arguments would be covered in the mainstream media, and most probably, government ministers, opposition party leaders and Davutoğlu himself would face many questions about this criticism. None of this has happened in Turkey, yet.
“But what media outlet can have me, somebody critical of the country's prime minister, on their television programs or pages? Is that possible? In any country in the world, if an academic becomes prime minister, and if that academic has an ambitious book that claims to direct foreign policy, and if somebody writes a book which is critical of that book, this becomes headlines or remains in the top news for at least a few days,” said Kıvanç in reference to the restrictions on media freedom in Turkey.
Answering our questions, Kıvanç explained why he found Davutoğlu's book “ideological,” not “academic,” lacking new theories based on objective evaluations, and why his views on foreign policy pose dangers for Turkey.
I'd like to start with the name of your book: “Pan-Islamist's Adventure Guide.” Is there a little mockery in this name about Ahmet Davutoğlu's 560-plus-page-book, which has been much acclaimed in Turkey?
No, indeed, I've taken his book very seriously. With his book, a country can be taken on an adventure, a very dangerous adventure. The reason I called this an “adventure” is that the way through the adventure seems like it is not going to be successful because the capacity of the country is not compatible with the target that the author would like to reach. Davutoğlu's book is an ideological action guide; it is not an academic book that is based on a theory.
What is the goal that Davutoğlu would like to reach at the end?
Davutoğlu would like to establish a “civilization” -- “civilization” is his key concept -- which is based on Islam. However, he does not ask any questions about how this ideal will be realized. He argues that if the Turkish leadership can convince the Arabs that the Ottomans were not imperialists, on the contrary, they were trying to save Arabs from the West's colonial expansionism, then the Arabs would accept Turkey's leadership! Apparently, Davutoğlu believes that Turkey's current leadership can spread pan-Islamism in the Middle East.
You say that his call for action is dangerous. How have you come to this conclusion?
He is well informed, writes well and speaks impressively. Most other leaders of the Justice and Development Party's (AK Party) do not seem to have those qualities. Davutoğlu can be convincing for those AK Party people who would not question the basis of his ideas at all. Therefore, he can easily sell his ideas. His ideas are dangerous because his foreign policy ideal is based on conquest, which would be very adventurous and dangerous at this time in the world.
We have not seen those dangers yet; we have yet to see the time that the government will try to distance itself from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant [ISIL], and ISIL will blow up cities and people here in Turkey… Turkish leaders think they can control ISIL, but this is dangerous for the country. And there are people in Turkey, Turkish people, who apparently share the same mentality as ISIL.
Let's remember, former Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan had said that he had a hard time keeping 50 percent of the voters away from the streets. [In 2013, Erdoğan sought to intimidate the Gezi Park demonstrators as he hinted that his supporters could also take to the streets, saying he was hardly keeping the 50 percent at home.] Isn't all this dangerous? Let's remember the al-Qaeda bombings of November 2003 in İstanbul that left 51 people dead. Did the citizens of Turkey mourn? I think we should have had people queued up for visits of condolence in front of the British Consulate General… What about the innocent passengers who became victims to the bombings while waiting at the bus station in Levent? Did our Muslim citizens show any reactions to the loss of innocent lives?


‘Davutoğlu has typical look of a strategist'


In my last interview, Alastair Crooke, director and founder of the Conflicts Forum based in Beirut, told me that Turkey might become a hostage to ISIL, just like Pakistan did. Do you share this view?
I am afraid Turkey might [like Pakistan], but Turkey's Middle East surroundings are different from the surroundings of Pakistan and Afghanistan. We are likely to see genuine formations in Turkey, too, similar to Pakistan's Taliban.
Let's return to your book and its title: What does Davutoğlu say? Does he tell us anything?
He is looking at everything from strategic and geopolitical perspectives. He defines everything as part of power relations. He evaluates everything strategically and he sees that everything -- people, villages, rivers, forests, etc. -- can be used by the state as instruments. This is not humanitarian at all. This view is typical of a strategist. How can it really be deep? And he does not have an academic viewpoint in his book. He does not prove his arguments. He is not scientific. All he tries to do is to disseminate pan-Islamism. It is all right to be pan-Islamist, but this book is far from being deep, contrary to its name, “Strategic Depth.”
You highlight in your analysis that Davutoğlu emphasized “self-confidence” in his book many times. Does this reach a point of megalomania?
According to Davutoğlu, the reason why the pan-Islamic movement has not been widespread thus far is because nobody has been wise enough to do it, and he implies that he is wise enough, and Turkey should be confident that it can be done. Is that megalomania? I don't know. He does not base his arguments on objective evaluations. Why hasn't pan-Islamism been widespread? What are the reasons for it? What happened to prevent it? Those and more questions need to be asked for an objective evaluation of the issue. Davutoğlu does not ask those questions but tells us that nobody has been wise enough to do it. But if Turkey tries to exert influence in the Middle East, how is Turkey going to deal with Saudi Arabia and/or the United Arab Emirates? Saudis are much richer than Turkey. Why are they supposed to pay homage to Turkey? There are no answers to this question in the book, either.


‘Like the old regime, he continues to glorify Turkishness'


What does Davutoğlu tell us that is different from the old system of Turkey?
Like the old regime, he continues to glorify Turkishness, emphasizes how Turkey should be influential in the Balkans; Turks in Greece and Bulgaria are important; Albanians are important; Turks in Cyprus are important; Central Asia is important to Turkey, etc., same old stories. If he did not, he would not have been allowed to give regular lectures at the military academy at the end of the 1990s. He does not really tell us anything original and says that Turkey should be more influential. But how?
Could you give us an example to his strategic thinking that you emphasize?
In his book, “Strategic Depth,” Davutoğlu wrote: Even if there is no Muslim-Turk left in Cyprus, Turkey would have a Cyprus problem. Those are words that could have been uttered only by the most cold-blooded strategist of the military. But these are Davutoğlu's words. The old system, based on military tutelage, glorified Turkishness by ornamenting it with Islam -- it was Turkic-Islam. Davutoğlu is doing the opposite: taking Islam to the center ornamented by Turkishness. This is pan-Islamism. For pro-Davutoğlu people, Turkishness is not much different from being Muslim. In the Ottoman millet system, the answer to the question of “What is your millet?” was “Islam, Protestant or Catholic, etc.” First and foremost, there is Islam and then Turkishness. So, Davutoğlu does not separate those two from each other.


‘Some people would not listen even if Davutoğlu were to say good things'


You are highly critical of a former foreign minister and now prime minister in your book. What type of feedback, criticism or/and comments have you received?
Nothing. For part of the society in Turkey, Davutoğlu is already bad, so there is no reason for them to hear something analytical, and there is no reason for them to listen, even if Davutoğlu says something positive, something good. On the other hand, for pro-Davutoğlu people, they have nothing to say against my arguments.
Have you had any interview requests from the media about your book?
I've had a couple of interviews, mostly from websites, including K24, the new book review site. But what media outlet can have me, somebody critical of the country's prime minister, on their television programs and pages? Is that possible? In any other country in the world, if an academic becomes prime minister, and if that academic has an ambitious book that claims to direct foreign policy, and if somebody writes a book which is critical of that book, this becomes headlines or remains in the top news for at least a few days. This is what civilization -- Davutoğlu often refers to civilization -- is all about.
Davutoğlu's book has been translated into a few languages…
Serbian, Greek… not many; it has not been translated into German or English. My guess is that Western media representatives who know Turkish, in Turkey, or diplomats have already read the book, and they probably did not see the need for its translation. There are some criticisms of Davutoğlu's book from strategists who said that Davutoğlu did not have well-grounded, objective arguments; he is too emotional.

‘Davutoğlu liberally uses the concept of Lebensraum'


At the end of the book, you have a chapter on Davutoğlu's sources of inspiration. Would you tell us about this?
Let's first remember this: The work that we are analyzing, Davutoğlu's book, does not offer a new theory established with an immense intellectual effort to open up our minds. There is, of course, an intellectual effort, but it is serving his intentions. And the product is: ideological material for the political circles that would like to have an influence in the world. Davutoğlu's sources of inspiration are strategists such as Karl Ernst Haushofer, Halford John Mackinder, Alfred Thayer Mahan and Nicholas Spykman. Those people are gurus of geopolitical strategy. Let's take Haushofer. He is the person who introduced the concept “Lebensraum” [living space] to Adolf Hitler -- a concept Davutoğlu liberally uses in his book. [Lebensraum was an ideology proposing an aggressive expansion of Germany and the German people.] Davutoğlu, as a person who adopts a geopolitical approach, naturally has been inspired by those people.
Do you think Davutoğlu has a vision like Hitler's?
This is something that should be asked to Davutoğlu… I don't think Davutoğlu yearns for a Hitler-like regime, but his ideas point to an authoritarian or totalitarian regime -- President Erdoğan in particular is suitable for that type of authoritarian or totalitarian regime.
Do you expect any conflicts to arise between those two leaders, Davutoğlu and Erdoğan?
I don't because it is not easy to go against leadership and authority in right-wing political parties. In the history of political parties in Turkey, there are not many political leaders who did it. Additionally, the AK Party regime cannot take any cracks; if there are any cracks, it will fall.

‘Obviously, AK Party will win June 7 elections'


We have entered the election period for the June 7 elections. What are your projections?
Obviously, the AKP [ruling Justice and Development Party, AK Party] will win. The main opposition parties in Parliament are following policies to guarantee the AKP's win.
Do you think the pro-Kurdish Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) should enter the election as a party?
It is only the HDP which can make this decision. Of course, we can be critical of its decisions. The HDP leadership now says that it wants to be a party of Turkey. I think the HDP should be in Parliament; if not, there will be really bad things happening in Turkey.
What will happen and why?
There will be conflict and war with the Kurds. Kurds will no longer accept anything less than equal citizenship at this point, but the state still wants to control and dominate. The Gülen community should be aware of those facts, too. Incredibly, they still think that Kurds can be controlled. The Gülen community media still writes: “State negotiates with PKK.” I ask: Who else is the state going to negotiate with?
PROFILE
Ümit Kıvanç
Kıvanç was born in İstanbul in 1956. He has worked for newspapers including Milliyet and Cumhuriyet and with the İletişim Publishing House. He has written columns in newspapers and magazines such as Radikal, Radikal2, Nokta, Taraf and Birikim. He had several books published by the İletişim Publishing House. In the mid-1990s, he started to make documentaries. His latest book, “Pan-İslamcının Macera Kılavuzu” (Pan-Islamist's Adventure Guide), was put out by the Birikim Publishing House.

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